Sustainability in equine production: application of environmental impact indices in Buenos Aires

Abstract

The study evaluated the environmental impact indices proposed by Vaccaro et al.¹² in seven sport horse production facilities located in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Based on surveys with producers and interviews with veterinarians, key variables were analyzed, including proximity to water bodies, manure
and bedding management, veterinary supervision, diets, and water consumption. Results showed that 29% of the facilities were located less than 300 meters from water bodies, which increases the risk of water contamination due to nutrient runoff. Manure management practices ranged from systematic collection and reuse in orchards or nurseries to open-air deposition, leading to leachate generation and greenhouse gas emissions. Operations with frequent veterinary oversight and balanced diets exhibited lower environmental impacts, mainly due to reduced nutrient excretion. Water consumption for horse bathing varied widely depending on the intensity of sporting activities, highlighting the need for water efficiency strategies and improved infrastructure. The study concludes that the evaluated indices are useful as a diagnostic tool and that achieving sustainability in equine production requires environmental management plans tailored to each facility. These plans should include proper waste handling, responsible water use, and ongoing veterinary guidance.